The history of Instagram is connected with Krieger and Systrom. Both individuals decided to reorient their Burbn project into mobile photography software, and the application appeared in Apple AppStore on October 6, 2010 (Bruner). Soon, add-on hashtags were added to the app to make it easier to find users and photos. After that, the Direct Messaging Service was introduced (Bruner). In August 2016, Instagram Stories was launched, which became some sort of SnapChat prototype (Bruner). Consequently, from 2010, Instagram was constantly updated, and made it one of the most used social network site all over the world.

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Instagram is a mobile phone app that has access to contacts, photos, camera, and regular social media. Now, almost everyone has a mobile phone with a camera and constant Internet connection; thus, almost all interesting events that happen in the world are covered by ordinary users. The people use Instagram to upload their pictures and share them with their friends. However, the app has a limit in terms of a shape of the image – it should be a square. On the other hand, the square shape allows a user to highlight the most important part of a picture, accustoming them to conciseness, expressiveness, and compositional thinking. In addition, a person can change the brightness, contrast, sharpness, and color saturation of an image. Snapshots can also be signed by adding hashtags and positioned on a scalable map of the world (smartphones equipped with GPS module determine the location from which a snapshot is made and add the geo-tag that is recognized by the app). Even if it is not turned on, Instagram promptly informs the users about new marks of photos and comments to them.

One of the reasons why Instagram has appeared is that in 2010, there was no social network that contained only a photo and would allow certain messages to be posted below them. The predecessor of this application was called Burbn and was intended to combine some social network functions, geo-targeting, and photography capabilities. After the launch of Instagram, 25,000 users downloaded the application, which was one of the highest rates in the history of the AppStore. It proved that society needed something original with appropriate design and functions (Bruner). Apart from that, Instagram contains minimum number of functions, and at the same time, it is convenient and easy to use. The developers of the software did not expect such huge success, but after the positive feedbacks from the first users, the creators got an incentive to improve it. Instagram was perceived as something new and unique, and the lack of such kind of innovation, which would include photo, video, messages, as well as the followers, made that program demanded and broadly used. Therefore, the main reason for its appearance was the need to combine photos and videos in one application.

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The popularity of the application has provoked the emergence of many developments that were connected with Instagram. As a separate direction of such developments, the projects of many talented designers were introduced in connection with Instagram. Moreover, the appearance of such photo editors as InstaBeauty as well as Instasize should also be noted. One of the first devices aimed directly to work with Instagram was the Instagram Socialmatic Camera — a camera designed in the style of an Instagram icon. It allows to take a photo immediately and send it to Instagram or instantly print a photo if there is a need. Thus, the developers wanted to transfer Instagram to the real world, thus offering the users to share photos not only on social network but also in real life. The first model of the product had two cameras (front and back), a touchscreen display, a mini-printer with 4 cartridges, optical zoom, a 3G module, and was also equipped with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth (Nield). Apart from that, there were services that allowed users to print photos of other Instagram users on various subjects — magnets, pillows, t-shirts, and canvas, among others. Consequently, the appearance of Instagram affected the multiple mediums, hence promoting the creation of other applications that enhanced its functionality and increased popularity.

The application is compatible with iPhone, iPad, as well as iPod Touch on iOS 4.3 and higher as well as with the phones on Android 2.2 and higher with support of OpenGL ES 2. It is distributed through AppStore and Google Play respectively (Novakova). On November 21, 2013, Instagram Beta for Windows Phone 8 appeared (Novakova). In April 2012, Facebook acquired Instagram: the purchase price amounted to $300 million in cash and 23 million shares of the company, thus making the deal a total of $1 billion (Novakova). According to the experts, only in 2017, this social media platform received about $ 2.8 billion from global advertising, and by 2018, the number of registered users is 1.1 billion (Novakova). In this way, nowadays, Instagram is one of the most popular services on Apple devices.

Instagram influenced the marketing in general as well as blogging activity. Before the emergency of the program, online commerce or other means of selling goods were not so popular, and their existence or advertising was only available to people with a high monetary capital. With the advent of this software, the online commerce, advertising, as well as blogging began to gain popularity. Today, everyone can create his or her own online store without an additional fee for this. In the case of advertising, the founder can pay for it, if desired, or may advertise their own product on their own. At the expense of blogging, the emergence of Instagram has made it extremely developed and popular; as now, anyone can write a funny and informative content, upload interesting videos, photos, as well as stories. If the audience reaches at least 5-10 thousand, then a blogger can make paid advertisements, thereby earning money, or conduct various raffles, which increases the number of subscribers and ranking.

The impact of Instagram on social and marketing is unconditional, as such a sphere of activity is quite popular, does not require age restrictions or funds, and generates revenue. With this program, a person can even increase the rating of existing stores, shopping malls, as well as beauty salons, as by displaying product photos, a seller may inform the audience about them and distribute some promotions. Today, marketing in Instagram is extremely popular, as even well-known people conduct auctions there, and there is a chance to win something real there, which increases the demand for the use of the program. In fact, it is unknown how many years the excitement for this program would last, but one thing is sure – until people continue share their photos and short videos. Without Instagram, the existence of online marketing was not available for everyone, and blogging would be existed only on YouTube and would not be so widely used. In this way, the legacy of Instagram is the development of blogging and marketing. It means that the platform would remain popular for long ago.

All in all, Instagram is regarded as one of the most popular program in the world. It founded by Krieger and Systrom. Later, the development of the software resulted in the emergence of Instagram Socialmatic Camera, online marketing that became available for everyone, and blogging. The reason why the developers introduced this app was the demand for the application to combine photos and videos. It promoted the emergencies of new programs and photo editors, such as Instabeauty, Instasize, as well as others. Nowadays, the program is available on iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch on iOS 4.3 and higher as well as on smartphones phones on Android 2.2 and higher with support of OpenGL ES 2. In this way, Instagram influences the online marketing development, hence making it accessible for everyone, and promotes the blogging as a job or paid activity.

Filmed by Steven Spielberg in 1993, Schindler’s List touches the depths of the soul with a compelling story. As one of the most powerful and morally difficult films in modern cinematography, it received many awards and recognition from critics. This masterpiece has become significant not only for Jewish people but for all mankind. It is based on the biographic novel by Thomas Keneally and depicts the truth about the cruelty and antihumanism of the war period for the twentieth century and the future generation. The film describes the events of the Second World War, particularly the Holocaust, giving a significant emphasis on the Jewish tragedy of exterminating the nation. The protagonist of the film is Oskar Schindler who determines the course of events in the movie. It begins with the Second World War when the German Nazis begin a large resettlement of Polish Jews from their homes to the ghetto of Krakow. At the same time, Oskar Schindler arrives in the city, having an intention to increase his profits for the needs that have risen during the war. At the beginning of the Second World, Oskar Schindler, the German industrialist, organizes a factory in Krakow. The cheapest labor is the Jews from the ghetto. However, those of them who end up this factory are lucky. The film is about the terrible power of the war, the invincible human spirit, and a fearless man and hero, who, despite his membership in a Nazi Party, shows compassion for the victims of genocide and saves more than a thousand lives.

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The History of Oskar Schindler’s Humanity

The history of humanity of Oskar Schindler has become the basis for many books and the film Schindler’s List. Oskar Schindler came from a middle-class family. At thirty, he was already wealthy and successful merchant, adventurer, cheerful player, and true German; he belonged to a righteous world that deprived more than a thousand Jews of life in gas chambers r (Lowery and Roberts). Oskar was a successful entrepreneur, but during the Great Depression, he became bankrupt. In 1939, Schindler joined the Nazi Party and began to garner useful contacts in the ruling elite of Nazi Germany (Crowe). In the film, the viewer sees the icon with a Nazi symbol which is always attached to his clothes, demonstrating his loyalty to the Nazi Party. At the beginning of the Second World War, he opened a factory for the production of metal utensils that were supplied to the front. He bought a plant in Krakow which, before the occupation of Poland by the Nazis, belonged to a Jew. Oskar Schindler’s workers, even in the hardest times, had decent working conditions and well-nourished. Oskar banned the use of violence against them and did not allow the Gestapo to come with verifications, referring to the inadmissibility of interrupting the working process. While working for Schindler, the Jews felt safe and happy. At the end of 1944, Schindler moved more than a thousand of his workers to Brünnlitz, Moravia (Crowe). The list of the workers’ names was created for the export, which began to be called the Schindler’s list. It saved the lives of those people; otherwise, they would have gone to the camps of death. After the end of World War Second, Germany, Poland, and other occupied territories were under the power of Soviet troops, and the saved Jews received the freedom. In the postwar years, Oskar Schindler immigrated to Argentina (Lowery and Roberts). Jews who escaped with his support traveled around the world and often met with him. Oskar Schindler and his wife Emily were honored by the State of Israel as a Righteous Among the Nations (Fensch). The Jews, who survived the Nazis, attended and thanked Oskar (Lowery and Roberts). At the insistence of the survivors, he was buried in the holy place.

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Oskar Schindler and His List

The true story of the mysterious German businessman Oskar Schindler, who became an unlikely savior of more than a thousand Jews during the barbarian Nazi reign, is the basis of the film’s plot. Oskar appears in the movie as a strange and rich person, who immediately gains the attention of spectators. He moves to Poland because he wants to open a factory that produces pots with enamel coatings for the Nazi army and once belonged to Jew. Oskar is a representative business manager, and his faithful servant and accountant is extremely intelligent and knowledgeable Jew Itzhak Stern (Schindler’s List). The flourishing and the high-yielding of the factory depend on Stern despite Oskar’s contacts with fascist officials and their local representatives, as well as the power in the black market. Schindler loves luxury, pleasure, parties, games, music, dancing, elite alcohol, and gorgeous women. Every night, he has a noisy celebration, plays with high-ranking SS officials, and dances with beautiful Polish women (Schindler’s List). On the one hand, he resembles all officials of the occupation administration and their employees. On the other hand, he has a good heart, a bright mind, and a humane attitude towards his workers, especially Jews. Schindler does not have grounds and no right to oppose the Nazi regime. However, his consciousness, soul, and heart transform from a businessman to a savior because he becomes an observer of the senseless cruelty of the Nazi persecution of weak and defenseless Jews. Moreover, his main goal of arriving in Poland and making big money for whole his life becomes less important since he wants to protect as many people from the hands of the Nazis as he and his money could. Finally, in his attempts to save the lives of Jewish workers, he is not only ready to leave all the money and value possessions but also ready to sacrifice his own life.

The symbolic list is a manifestation of the change in the nature of Schindler and displays his growing compassion for people. The Schindler’s list was compiled and dated April 18, 1945, and consisted of 14 pages (Fensch). Itzhak Stern, Schindler’s accountant assisted in writing the list that was obtained from Stern’s nephew. It contains a list of names of Jewish workers of the Schindler’s factory in occupied Czechoslovakia; there were only 801 names in it. They were taken from the Nazi concentration camp Plaszow, located in occupied Poland (Fensch). The first list was made in the fall of 1944 by Schindler, Stern, and the prisoner Mietek Pemper, who was appointed as personal secretary of the commandant of the concentration camp Amon Göth (Fensch). The list was a document of salvation and protection of the workers, who were relocated from the ghetto where the Nazi army killed or redirected to the death camps to the country of Schindler’s homeland. Unfortunately, those Jews who were not included in the list died Auschwitz (Fensch). Schindler, who had already given a bribe to protect the Jews who worked at his factory, persuaded Geta to allow him to transport his labor force to Judah where he had moved his factory. It saved the prisoners from death. A humane act in the form of a list saved the victims of the Nazi massacre and the descendants of Jews rescued through the efforts of Schindler.

Jews and World War II

The events that took place during the Second World War are one of the most significant historical events for Europeans and Americans. World War II is viewed mainly through the prism of the Jewish tragedy. The film depicts the lives of Jews in occupied Poland during the war period. Jews who lived in the Polish state had political parties, schools, theaters, newspapers, scientific institutes and publishing houses. The representatives of Judaism were mostly traders and handicraftsmen. They also owned factories where the Jewish employees worked. After the Germany invasion, Jews suffered from repression, persecution, torture, and killing (Nagorski). The elimination of Jews was the goal of the Germans during the Second World War, but the way of solving the Jewish question transformed gradually. The destruction of millions of Jews in death camps and the fatal execution of hundreds of thousands of Jews in German forced labor camps signified the Holocaust period (Nagorski). German occupiers tortured and oppressed the local population of Krakow, persecuted or expelled 70,000 Jewish residents, and eventually forced more than 15,000 to live in a ghetto. Every day, the Nazis received orders to kill the Jews. Thousands of them were sent to the camps of Auschwitz and Belzec or to the forced labor camp of Plaszow, which was built on two Jewish cemeteries (Gruber). The first crimes against Polish Jews were committed during the hostilities against believers in Judaism. Another attack against the Jews was to the application of the racist law against them. The film vividly depicts those ordered to wear the bandages with the Star of David (Schindler’s List). They were obliged to work in the forced labor camps. After, they were forced to move to the ghetto without the permission to leave. Moreover, the movie shows that the process of isolating the Jewish population in ghettos was accompanied by nationalization: personal belongings, gold, jewelry, paintings, valuables of everyday life, flats, or businesses were allocated to the Germans (Schindler’s List). The authorities in the ghetto belonged to the Germans and were carried out through the Jewish councils and the Jewish police. The inhabitants of the ghetto suffered from hunger, overpopulation, and illness. The streets were buried with corpses or people dying from hunger and exhaustion. In the ghetto, there was a huge social inequality. The elite belonged to the rich who sold their pre-war property or collaborated with the Germans, smugglers, and owners of expensive restaurants. The Second World War dramatically changed the lives of the Jewish people, forcing them to leave their homes, to give their property to the Germans, to live in the ghetto, and to obey the Nazi authorities. The film as an epic historical picture vividly displays the moments of life and the enslavement of Jews during the war period.

Conclusion

Schindler’s List (1993) is a heartbreaking picture that focuses on the true story about the extermination of the Jews during the Second World War and the human act of the German entrepreneur Oskar Schindler. Schindler had the qualities that helped him to understand the suffering of others. He managed to evacuate more than a thousand Jews from the death camps. The film shows cunning, enterprising, corrupted, permissive, and obsessive mania for killing the Jews. Oskar Schindler managed to change his attitude towards Jews, saving many of them from the grasp of the Nazi Party. Undoubtedly, his collaboration with the Nazis could be condemned. People can find dozens of motives to consider Oskar Schindler a villain, but the Jews rescued by him are still grateful for his actions. Their lives and the lives of their children and grandchildren are worth justifying every step that he made. The film reflects the opposition between the will of force, tolerance, desperation, humanity, and goodness of the people and the notion of cruelty, torture, murder, fanaticism, and evil of the Nazis.

Haiti is at risk of natural disasters. Such vulnerability is caused by several factors. First, the geography of the country contributes to the occurrence of natural disasters (Jones, 2016). Haiti suffers from massive deforestation that causes floods and makes it difficult to maintain proper infrastructure. Second reason is lack of preparedness for natural disasters. Despite the fact that tropical storms, floods, and earthquakes are frequent, the nation is not prepared for the events. It generally has poor infrastructure, as even sanitation, healthcare facilities, and evacuation centers are in poor conditions or absent. Finally, Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the region, which has many political problems, corruption, and violence (Jones, 2016). As a result, the problem of natural disasters remains urgent. Among them, earthquakes have the most severe consequences. The problem of earthquakes is even more severe as its societal consequences influence medical sphere, education, infrastructure, livelihood, and general well-being of the population.

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Background Information

Location (Relative and Absolute)

Absolute location of Haiti is 18° 32′ N latitude and 72° 20′ W longitude (McColl, 2014). Relative location of the country is the north-central Caribbean. Haiti is located in the western part of the island of Hispaniola. The country shares border with the Dominican Republic and is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The country is 27,750 square kilometers and has approximately 10.8 million people (McColl, 2014). It is located about 50 miles from Cuba.

Biome

The terrain of the country mainly consists of mountains, with small areas of coastal plains and river valleys (McColl, 2014). In the Northern part, there is Northern Massif, which is part of the Cordillera Central, and Northern Plain. In the central region, there are two plains and two mountain ranges. Finally, the southern region of Haiti consists of natural depression area with salt lakes, and mountain range, with the highest mountain of the county – Pic la Selle. Haiti also consists of several islands, which are inhabited by rural population. The Arthibonite River is the longest river of the country and the main source of drinking water.

Haiti has tropical climate. In January, the temperatures vary from 23 to 31 degrees Celsius. In July temperatures reach 25-35 degrees Celsius. The amount of rainfall varies significantly among the country, with the northern areas and lowland regions having the biggest amount of rains. Dry season takes place from November to January, and rain seasons last from April till June and from October till November (McColl, 2014). Generally, Haiti suffers from droughts and floods. Hurricanes are also frequent in the country. As a result, Haiti can be characterized by hot and humid tropical climate.

Haiti is located within Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone, which is considered to be at the end of its seismic activity. Thus, the scientists predict occurrence of earthquakes, with the possible magnitude of 7.2 (Mann, Calais, Demets, Prentice, & Wiggins-Grandison, 2008). Indeed, in 2010, the earthquake happened within the mentioned above fault zone.

About 30 percent of the country is covered by forests. The coverage has reduced significantly during the last 50 years. In the forests, there are pines, ferns, cedars, rosewood, and mahogany. The coastal areas have well preserved coral reefs and mangrove forests (McColl, 2014). Coffee, cacao, and coconut trees are also widespread in Haiti. Fruits such as oranges, limes, mangos, and avocado grow wild. Among the bird species, there are ducks, guinea hens, pigeons, and flamingoes. The reptile species include crocodiles, lizards, and boas. There are many endangered mammals and rodents, such as Haitian solenodon, the Hispaniolan hutia, and twisted-toothed mouse (McColl, 2014). Marine mammal fauna among others is represented by variety of dolphins and whales.

Society

Haiti has the second largest population in the Caribbean region. Half of the population is under age of 20. Average density of the population is 350 people per square kilometer. At the same time, the density of population is much higher in urban regions, coastal areas and valleys (Ciment & Ness, 2014). A lot of Haitians live abroad. Average life expectancy is 64 years (Ciment & Ness, 2014). Majority of the population works in the agriculture, mainly farming, fishing, and forestry. About 25 percent of labor force works in service sphere. Less than 10 percent of the population works in industrial production (Ciment & Ness, 2014). People also work in mining and manufacturing.

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Earthquakes in Haiti

Due to country’s poor infrastructure, natural disasters have severe societal impacts. The consequences of the earthquakes are among the worst ones. For example, during the earthquake in 2010, one-third of the population of the country was affected by natural disaster (Pallardy, 2018). Crimes, such as looting, became a frequent occurrence partly due to the absence of the necessary supplies and party due to the escape of couple of thousands of prisoners as the penitentiaries got damaged during the earthquake (Pallardy, 2018). The urban areas became extremely crowded with the people, which contributed to the development of the unsanitary conditions.

The infrastructure of the country was damaged even more by earthquake. All major healthcare facilities were destroyed, and it was difficult to provide proper treatment for the injured. As a result, surgical operations were performed without proper light and sufficient anesthetics. Many people did not have access to hospitals (Pallardy, 2018). People had to wait couple of days before they could get treatment. As the morgues were not prepared for the disaster, corpses were left on the streets. Many people were buried in mass graves, which made it impossible to estimate the exact death tolls. During the weeks after the disaster, more deaths occurred due to the untreated injuries of the survivors and shortage of medical personnel.

People also suffered from diseases, such as cholera (Pallardy, 2018). The Arthibonite River got infected with South Asian cholera bacteria. The disease was spread by the Nepalese UN peacekeeping forces, but since Haiti did not have proper medical conditions, water and waste management infrastructure, the population became inflected. Since 2010 till 2016, more than 770,000 Haitians suffered from cholera, and nearly 10,000 people died because of the disease (Pallardy, 2018). The access of the population to water became limited due to the earthquake. Other basic facilities, such as waste management, were also significantly undermined.

Demographics also contribute to the mortality and morbidity rates during natural disasters, including earthquakes. For example, women, girls, and people over 60 years old are more likely to become victims of the earthquake. Similarly, early adolescent youth and people who do not have many family members are also within the risk group (Paci-Green & Miles, 2011).

Another serious social problem created by the earthquake in Haiti is an increase of child exploitation, abuse, and trafficking (Pallardy, 2018). As many children become orphans when their parents died during or after the disaster, they were extremely vulnerable to various types of abuse. While the international community tried to help to solve the problem by adopting kids, Haitian government created obstacles. It wanted to make sure than the kids did not have relatives in Haiti. Such efforts made the process of adoption longer. Women at shelters also experienced violence and reported cases of rapes.

Many kids died in schools, as a result of buildings’ collapses. Nearly 40,000 students and 1,300 teachers died because of the earthquake (Paci-Green & Miles, 2011). Moreover, absence of schools results in lower academic achievements and psychological development. 29 percent of schools all over the country were destroyed and more than 50 percent damaged (Paci-Green & Miles, 2011). As a result, the educational system was seriously disrupted.

Natural disasters also result in massive damage to housing. Generally, low-income housing is located in hazardous areas and has poor construction conditions. These tendencies result in its damage and complications while rebuilding houses. For the low-income citizens, shelter can become a long-term place of living. In Haiti, the reconstruction process was slow. Two years after the earthquake, more than half a million residents were still living in shelters and camps. Some people stayed at camps as they were afraid to lose aid and benefits, they received at shelters. At the same time, many shelters did not provide proper conditions for its residents due to lack of sanitation facilities, absence of access to fresh water, or damage by heavy rains.

People also had limited employment opportunities. After the earthquake, less than one-third of the population had permanent jobs (Pallardy, 2018). The employment situation was worsened by the subsequent tropical storms, which damaged crop fields. As majority of the population is employed in agricultural sector, they were left without work.

The earthquake not only influenced the vital spheres such as medical or educational ones, but also undermined the governance of the country. For example, the presidential elections were delayed due to the consequences of the earthquake. Besides this, the turnout was low, which resulted in widespread electoral fraud. As a result, political instability became even bigger.

Conclusion

As a result, the geology and climate analysis of Haiti indicates that the country is vulnerable to natural disasters. Human activities, such as increased deforestation, and absence of proper infrastructure also contribute to the severity of natural disasters. The earthquakes remain the most dangerous natural disasters with the most negative societal consequences. For example, the earthquakes result in decrease of livelihood opportunities, limited access to job options, and undermined service provision. Hospitals and other medical facilities are not capable of operation properly. Schools are closed due to the damages. The outbreaks of the diseases are common. Finally, the exploitation and trafficking of children and abuse of women is frequent. Thus, the societal impacts of the earthquakes in Haiti are severe and they should be addressed to improve the living conditions of the population.

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Components of vinyl cloth ensure a reliable operation and durability of the advertising signs. These materials are resistant to the damaging effects of sunlight and rain and do not corrode. The basis for creating vinyl banners is polyvinyl chloride which has characteristics such as transparency and neutral color. It is non-flammable and easily painted (Jones, 2014). Banner cloth can be divided into categories: light-painting with a glossy two-sided varnishing where illumination is performed from the rear side; opaque fabric with polyester fibers which allows printing images on both sides; cloth designed for one-sided printing and characterized by high density and lights made with the facial side (Jones, 2014).

There are two different types of technology application in reinforcing mesh vinyl, namely laminating and casting. The cast banner is more expensive than laminate (with the same density of the finished product). More and more people working on banner cloth prefer the latter material despite the higher cost which allows the use of the finished product for 7 years or more (Jones, 2014).

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Before placing an advertising banner, it is necessary to discuss certain details such as:

1. The audience, age limit, professional orientation, and others. It affects many things such as the size of the banner, the best place to set the banner, and the amount of time and money necessary to invest in design layout.

2. Selection of the size and location. It can be outdoor or indoor advertising, the installation of a banner in static position or flexible stretching, the number of banners, the time during which the banner will hang.

3. The selection of banner materials and fabrics for the manufacture of outdoor advertising.

4. The review of lightening opportunities at nighttime or under certain weather conditions. This kind of ad will be more visible and effective.

5. Considering at what height banner ad will be placed. If it is too low, the ad will be directed to people who are nearby, and if it is high, it will be active for a large area of ​​settlement (Tur, 2011).

Preferably, the banners are placed at a certain height. In this case, people hire professional industrial climbers or aerial platforms. The first requirement is used when the aerial platform is not high enough because of its technical characteristics. Each of these points, of course, affects the cost of manufacturing and the leasing of a banner.

Historically, the majority of banners are used as a way to advertise or announce something. There are cases where a banner is used as a way of greeting. It often happens on the eve of holidays, anniversaries, or birthdays. With banners, one can inform the population about the forthcoming celebration noting the date, time, and agenda of the event.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, Father’s Day is annually celebrated on June 19 in honor of the fathers in the most socially and economically developed countries. The initiator to introduce this holiday in the US is Mrs. Dodd of Washington. Eventually, after the approval by the President, festive day represents respect for family values (Buchanan, 2016).

This celebration is important for the formation and development of a man as the chief security and support of a family. It deepens friendly relations, equality, and love for one another. After this weekend, the positive mood will remain for a long time, and the impression will last a lifetime.

It is important how exactly every big event will be held. It is necessary to remember that the most important factor in these events is the fresh air and the presence of all family members. A walk in the local park, a water park, an entertainment center for children, organizing hikes, participation in sports, boating along the bank of a river or lake, cycling, etc. are examples how to spend this holiday. Both children and adults like Father’s Day. The ideal celebration of this day is to combine few of the above examples.

An interesting method to congratulate someone is to order a banner. It is not necessary to spend much time to buy such a gift. It is enough to register on the Web, add a photo a customer wants to be placed on the banner, write a word or phrase, arrange where to place the banner, its size, what the data should be for which it should hang. In the end, it is necessary to pay for the service, which could be done through a terminal or online bank. Of course, the order can be made directly in the office of the company with the help of staff designers or by calling. Employees can advise how to place and pick up a size for the banner. Such a gift can please everyone.

In fact, vinyl banners can be used during Father’s Day celebration for the purposes of:

1. Greeting and confession of love. It is a great way to express feelings and thoughts that are not discussed by family members every day. Moreover, most men usually are rather shy to openly communicate feelings and hear words of thanks. However, they need attention, love, and support. The vinyl banners are the perfect way to voice care and affection.

2. Support a certain person, team, group. Banners can create the sense of a team and help with the arrangement of the holiday where families will be involved in team competitions.

3. Outdoor or indoor advertising of any product or service. A lot of companies realize their goods and services during this holiday. Vinyl banners can vary in format and design thus being convenient for businesses as a means of advertising.

4. Outdoor signboards of shops or offices. Family members can create a banner which will represent the name of a father or a husband as the title of a new company or an office.

5. Notice of an event. Today’s life is very fast and full of advertising and news. It is hard enough to draw people’s attention to a particular event; therefore, vinyl banners are a great means to inform in advance of public holidays or family holidays like Father’s Day (Tur, 2011).

To conclude, the vinyl banner is an information medium including color images with the text of any format. Most often, it is used in advertising and gains popularity in the service of greeting. The production and printing of banners for the business purposes should be trusted only for proven companies given the importance and significance of placed banners for advertising of the company and the time of broadcasting. Banners of high-quality design and excellent printing can be cheap, and customers can be absolutely sure of the quality of manufacturing of the promotional items. Thus, banners draw attention of clients and create holiday.

In particular, video games generate mixed reactions. For some video games are tools that promote dehumanizing of women and violence tendencies among the players. On the other hand, subscribers to video games cite the entertainment value and unlimited imagination as well as fantasy that these video games bring. The argument against video games barely holds water mainly because video games rarely create anything new as they infuse reality and fantasy to create entertainment (Kaplan, 2017). The games are not the problem but the society. With this background, this essay is going to use Miyamoto’s history and exploits in the gaming industry to illustrate what constitutes an effective game world.

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Shigeru Miyamoto

Born in 1952, Shigeru Miyamoto is a renowned video game designer. He has created the Legend of Zelda, the Mario and Pokemon video game series among others (Kaplan, 2017). Shigeru Miyamoto designs game for Nintendo game systems. Apart from designing these games, Shigeru Miyamoto has supervised many titles that are published under Nintendo on behalf of other game developers. Some of these titles include Olympic Games and Metroid Prime. As a renowned game designer, Shigeru Miyamoto is christened the “father of contemporary video gaming” (Bevier, 2016). One striking feature of video games designed by Shigeru Miyamoto is that they boast of intuitive gameplay, refined control-mechanics, and simplistic storylines as well as imaginative worlds. In these imaginative worlds, the players of Shigeru Miyamoto video games are encouraged to unravel things for themselves.

Part of Shigeru Miyamoto’s story started in 1977 when he was assigned the task of designing arcade games that were coin-operated (Kaplan, 2017). From this project, he created Radar Scope that did not attract much attention in the United States market as Nintendo had envisioned. As expected of a creative mind, Shigeru Miyamoto reused the hardware of this game to create Donkey Kong that became a huge success. The other attribute associated with Donkey Kong is that Mario; the lead character became an easily recognizable character in Nintendo’s mascot (Bevier, 2016). One significant change here is that Shigeru Miyamoto had created a game that exhibited a real-life balance of power as manifested in the lead character. For this success, Shigeru Miyamoto’s became a prolific producer with Nintendo and designed for several franchises owned by the Company.

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Concerning addictive and appealing nature of video games, Shigeru Miyamoto’s uses his childhood experiences as the inspiration behind the game designs. For instance, Miyamoto’s Zelda arose from his teenage explorations. The primary motivations for creating games entail completion and fantasy or completion and destruction (Kohler, 2016). The best way to emphasize how childhood and life experience influence video game design than revisiting the childhood of Miyamoto (Bevier, 2016). He loved to paint pictures, exploit landscape surrounding his house and was fascinated by the discovery of hidden lakes and caves which are later translated into his video game designs. As stated earlier, the Legend of Zelda embodies this childhood exploration.

For game enthusiasts, they expect game characters and especially lead characters to assume real-life dynamics. In this manner, they expect male characters to dominate in a military or war conquest. For this reason, designers of video games must take into account the sociology and psychology of players among other factors when designing a video game (Kerzner, n.d.). It is for this reason that Miyamoto enhances acceptability and realism of his products by invoking life experiences when designing a game (Kaplan, 2017). For instance, he invoked a memory in which he was menaced by a neighbor’s dog when creating the Chain Chomp enemy that is in the Mario series. Thus, Miyamoto creates video games with the lasting experience.

Similarly, Miyamoto creates games for those interested in activating their fantasy. As a child, Miyamoto toyed with the idea of staying in a hospital with a disease that could not harm him. Miyamoto is phenomenal and has not just created games but contributed to the video gaming industry. It can be argued that he entrenched the philosophy of basing video games on real-life events or real-life experiences (Bevier, 2016). It is from these experiences that fantasy can be created thus capturing the target audience that starts with reality to the imagination. In fact, Miyamoto single contribution to the success of Donkey Kong helped salvage Nintendo. With full realization of his talent and experience, Miyamoto continues to collaborate with others to develop further the video gaming industry.

Illustration: Pokemon Types

As a demonstration, the Pokemon characters actively fuse reality and fantasy. First, al Pokemon creature, as well as their moves, is assigned particular types. Just as real-life characters, each type exhibits several weaknesses and strengths in both defense and attack. In actual play, one should invoke a Pokemon and moves that generate a particular advantage over the opponent. From this action, the proponent will inflict more damage than normal (Kohler, 2016). Concerning game design principles, the Pokemon series aligns with realism and thus plays into the psychology and expectations of the audience (Bevier, 2016). One the soft demands are satisfied, the developers of a video game can now focus on the technical aspects such as high definition graphics and smooth rendering.

Philosophy and Game

Just like a great novelist practices his or her philosophy, video game designers must have their philosophical ideologies. For Miyamoto, video games ought to be what the audience wants to play. The players should have significant control of the game, and this is part of Miyamoto ideology (Millington, 2016). It is for this reason that Miyamoto departed from the status quo in the game design industry and pursued new and exciting control systems for Nintendo games (Bevier, 2016). Miyamoto took a significant risk in going against lead market products by thinking and redesigning his video game products differently. The implication is that video games should be understood as just any other product worth comprehensive analysis and redesigning with the end-user in mind.

Awards and Game

For his significant contribution to the video gaming industry, Miyamoto has been awarded. Miyamoto was inducted into the Academy of Interactive Arts. The bottom-line of these awards is that he worked hard to make video games an interactive product rather than a static one (Millington, 2016). It is from this development that developers of video games continually improve the realism and challenge in these electronic products (Kaplan, 2017). Miyamoto was awarded a star on the Walk of Game. Personally, he has honored himself by naming certain video game characters Miyamoto as well as names connoting to his background.

Current Exploits

In particular, Miyamoto is still involved in the design of video games. He has completed the design of Wii Fit as well as Mario Kart. Miyamoto has also supervised Olympic Games development of Sonic and Mario. Therefore when it comes to a good video game developer, it is all about passion. Miyamoto is not just in the business for the material gain but as a passion (Kohler, 2016). The fact that he contributes to the development of video games across several Companies illustrates his resolve. In this manner also, what contributes to the development of a good video game is that it must command the input from several viewpoints (Bevier, 2016). It is a fact that video games model a lot of fields such as psychology, geography, sociology, and technology among others (Mckeown, 2016). Therefore, it is essential to incorporate views and expertise from all these contributing fields.

Conditions for Good Game

Equally important is that video games are primarily for entertainment. It is easy for a developer to lose this vital attribute when developing a video game. The plot and theme of a video game product must be simple enough (Millington, 2016). The games must be designed to compete with fantasy or compete and allow for destruction. Part of the motivation for playing the video game is that the player has more control than in real life (Kohler, 2016). For instance, a player of a video game may want to crush his care but still not sustain injuries or damage. There are also those players that want reality. Therefore, when developing a video game, the target audience must be in mind.

Still, on entertainment, Miyamoto played music in his childhood days, and his video game designs exhibit the musical entertainment. Music and sound effects are critical components of entertainment and in video games too. Most players of video games respond to the musical component that accompanies the game offering (Kaplan, 2017). The music played should be thematic in the sense that it tallies with the environment modeled in the game as well as themes suggested. In this manner, there is need to put an effort in creating music that aligns with the game. Miyamoto in several of his games such as Donkey Kong infuses music that aligns with the world created in the game.

As indicated earlier, research and development in video games are critical. What leads to a good video game depends on several factors. Some of these factors include technology, psychology of the game, environment modeled in the game and the usability of the game (Kerzner, n.d.). Individual developers cannot harness all these aspects of a game on their own and also keep up with current developments in each of these fields (Bevier, 2016). For this reason, research and development are critical in harnessing latest developments and best practices in the psychology of video games for instance. It is for this reason that Miyamoto collaborates with others at Nintendo and other video gaming franchises to develop video games.

Similarly, simplicity is critical in-game designs. Playing a video game should not be a learning episode. The controls and manipulations of the game features should be simple enough (Kerzner, n.d.). Simplicity arises because video games are intended to entertain the player and not necessarily trigger critical analysis of the intended themes. Games that are designed simply concerning the player interface are easy to play (Millington, 2016). The complexity of the game should be in the player unraveling hidden characters, actions, and moves in the game (Kohler, 2016). In other words, it should be easy for the player to recognize the lead character, a gun, how to pause and how to exit playing. Miyamoto video games are a good illustration of simplicity in video game design.

Lastly, characters should not be plot devices. It is essential to avoid making a video game movie-like. The video games by Miyamoto exhibit this quality. These video games are designed for the player to unravel hidden mysteries in them (Kerzner, n.d.). The characters in a video game should not be restricted to a unidirectional theme rather the player moves should dictate what the character becomes (Kaplan, 2017). For this reason, video games should possess significant logic and artificial intelligence attributes for them to entertain. The primary justification for characters being just characters as opposed to plot devices is that video games are intended to be played and enjoyed multiple times (Mckeown, 2016). Therefore, each instance should elicit a new challenge, discovery and new theme. The game design should thus possess adequate possible moves and actions for all these to occur.

Conclusion

In conclusion, several aspects make a video game worth playing. Miyamoto is an accomplished game designer by invoking most of these video game design principles and best practices. A video game must have little thematic music, be simple enough and let the player unravel things and the world all by himself or herself. Motivation is critical, and in video games, the motivation is both personal philosophies and life experiences. Still using Miyamoto, he uses his childhood experiences, hobbies, and desires as well as individual philosophies to inspire his video game designs. From the viewpoint of a developer, passion in developing a game is critical. Lastly, a great game design must incorporate several fields that make real life such as technology, psychology, geography, and authority. Miyamoto game designs exhibit all attributes of what a great game should be.

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Preparations for the West Hollywood Halloween Costume Carnival usually begin way back in the year. Most of the people who attend these carnivals start preparing as soon as the festival ends. The carnival organizers, however, start preparing the streets as early as August, marking out the areas that will be cordoned off, and positions for security personnel to keep the peace. Journalists too are given a place to broadcast the event.

For those who go to enjoy their Halloween holidays, preparations begin with deciding which costumes to wear, and designing or shopping for them. For those travelling from other states and countries, preparations begin by budgeting for the trip, and sometimes even saving up for a while, before making travel arrangements.

Last year, preparations included checking online for details on streets that will be open for use, the entertainment lineup, and other surprise celebrity attendances that were to be expected. Given that it was close to the election date, the event was such a bustle of activity with attendance by politicians as well.

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The carnival begins at 6pm on Halloween. However, the streets are usually flocked by many people by that time. During last year’s carnival, there was a political atmosphere reigning just before and after the Halloween party. This is because although there were people dressed as politicians, the party focused on the oneness of the nation and forgot about politics for those few hours. It was a time to exhale and keep off the strenuous political arguments and activities associated with elections in the US.

West Hollywood, popularly referred to as WeHo is usually a hub of activity. Its geographical location within the Los Angeles region makes it a great tourism spot. About 90% of the people who attended last year’s carnival were tourists from various places in the world. One of the tourists was even overheard stating that she had been saving up for over two years just so that she could attend the Halloween carnival. She said, ‘Ever since I read about this event two years ago I decided I was going to attend at least one carnival before I die. And now that I’m here, am thinking of moving up the number to at least five carnivals!’ She had travelled all the way from Australia.

A major attraction at the West Hollywood Halloween Costume Carnival is the costumes worn by those in attendance. While there are always the usual symbolic witch, pumpkin, ghost and other conventional characters from the old Halloween tales, last year saw more current movie characters including vampires and knights being impersonated. The most remarkable costume was that worn by a nineteen year old university student who was dressed like Thor, a lead character in a movie going by the same name. Being in Hollywood, movie characters are a specialty of this community. Thus, when they had to choose costumes, most of them opted for their favorites.

There are several companies that specialize in renting and selling these costumes. They often get into serious competition as early as July, when they start showcasing designs and taking orders from customers. These companies are usually clothing lines, although others are complete Halloween shops with costumes, toys and d?cor for the celebrations.

Last year showed that there is much more to America than just politics. The Halloween street party shoved the heated debates aside for about five hours to allow the people to mingle freely and have fun to the extreme. It was quite a colorful event that saw both local and tourist populations party on the street without inhibition.

As an event that attracts such large numbers of people from other states and countries, Halloween street parties are a major part of the West Hollywood economy. I believe that aside from the extremely successful movie industry, the West Hollywood administration does and will continue to benefit from the Halloween costume carnivals for years to come. Aside from the record business made out of designing and renting or selling the costumes, there is also a lot of revenue generated through the provision of accommodation for the tourists as well as the souvenirs they take home with them after the carnival. From last year’s success, it can be predicted that this year’s carnival will be yet another great one. And as one of the organizers was heard saying, ‘The sky is not even a limit when it comes to the potential of these carnivals.’

Hezbollah is a Shia Islamist organization that is based in Lebanon. It is a major and influential force in the Middle East politics that commenced its existence from the struggle movement, and currently, it has the status of the political, social, and military organization. The symbol of Hezbollah is their flag, a green logo of the organization on the yellow background with a red text. The text says the following: “Then surely the party of Allah are they that shall be triumphant”. Another name of Hezbollah is the Party of God. It is a social, military, and political group that was run by Iran during the Israeli occupation. The main areas of operation of Hezbollah include politics, economy, and social life, and their major function is resistance. The most prominent leaders of this organization are Hassan Nasrallah, Naim Qassem, and Mustafa Badr Al Din. The political objectives of Hezbollah are (1) to drive the Middle East politics; (2) to influence the Arab context; (3) to present the objective principles of Islam; (4) to participate in Lebanese national politics and influence foreign and domestic policies. Hassan Nasrallah was a general secretary and led Hezbollah, promoting its ideology of Islam, and his Islamic call was al-Dawa al-Islamiya. The end goal of Hezbollah is to work for the economic and social development of Lebanon in the areas of agriculture, education, and health.

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General Information

Hezbollah is associated with such armed groups as the radical members of Amal, and such political forces as Shi’a Islamic political party. The organization structure of Hezbollah involves the division into a seven-member shura council and such sub-councils as judicial assembly, executive assembly, a parliamentary assembly, jihad assembly, and the political assembly. The armed wing of Hezbollah includes a medium-sized army that is considered a terrorist group, and it also has the name of Imam al-Mahdi Scouts. The functions of the armed wing of Hezbollah are to robust unconventional and conventional military capabilities and to use the quality and quantity of the rockets against their enemy Israel. Hezbollah has a rich history and intensive development driven by its ideology and conflict with Israel. The ideological roots of the organization can be traced in the 1960s and 70s, but it fully emerged in 1980. Thus, Lebanon’s fifteen-year-long civil war has resulted in the emergence of Hezbollah. Its activity was most evident in 2006, when its members fought against Israel as their power exceeded the power of the Lebanese army . The weakness of Hezbollah is its damaged reputation, which is associated with hatred to Westerners and accompanied by car bombing, kidnapping, and other terrorist attacks. It is obvious that this organization struggles for the prestige of being called a wholesome opposition, even though the members achieve it through many deaths. Such approach proves that Hezbollah is ready to do everything for the sake of personal benefits.

Financial Information

Donations belong to the source of supply of Hezbollah. Moreover, this organization receives political and financial assistance and weapons that its members require for training. Iran is the external supporter of Hezbollah as it provides it with $60-$100 million of financial assistance per year . Annually, this amount can reach approximately $200 million . The USA is convinced that Hezbollah also uses the illegal activities like money laundering, illegal banking, and drug trafficking as the ways of raising funds. Furthermore, Hezbollah generates its incomes through the heroin trade in Asia and the Middle East. However, the leaders of this organization object to this fact, stating that the money from Iran is used for the support of widows, health care, and education. Iran’s financial aid is a substantial investment that can be used for the development and growth of the state, but the government chooses to give it to Hezbollah and to increase the number of international sanctions because of the collaboration with this organization. In addition, Hezbollah can earn money from such illegal activities as owning marijuana plantations and producing hashish. The annual military budget of the organization constitutes one billion dollars. Thus, it is obvious that this organization acts illegally to raise its budget. Furthermore, it uses donations to reinforce the military actions, ignoring the fact that they are given for the improvement of education and health care.

Operational Strategy

Hezbollah uses the asymmetric type of violence that is terrorism as it employs the military actions against a state with more military power, and Hezbollah’s operational strategy is characterized by rationalism. Hezbollah can conduct the following military operations: use rockets and missiles as offensive weaponry, participate in the direct firefights, use anti-armor and mechanized infantry, and involve special operations forces. The strengths of Hezbollah are based on its choice of tactics, ability to influence both internal and external environments, and the power to influence and control Lebanon and Iran. Recruitment practices of Hezbollah are based on the forced recruitment, the refusal from which might mean that the applicants will be subjected to torture. Hezbollah recruiters visit every village and neighborhood, looking for those who will follow their way of life. The organization uses the following tactics to target their enemies: cover and concealment, direct fire, and preparation of a fighting position. Weapons of Hezbollah are diverse as they have small arms, anti-tank, air defense, rockets, missiles, anti-ship, and unmanned aerial vehicles. The targets subjected to these forms of weapon are other countries — namely, Syria and Israel. Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps provides training for the members of Hezbollah. As a result, training benefits the terrorist operations, which can be seen on the example of 1983 suicide attacks in Beirut, USA, of the hijacking in 1985, the car bombing of Israeli Embassy in 1992, the Khobar Towers bombing in 1996, the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister in 2005, and the bombing of the bus with Israeli tourists in 2012. However, despite this information, the Lebanese citizens fail to admit that Hezbollah promotes terrorism.

Political Vision

The political ideology of Hezbollah is Shite radicalism, as its initial goal was to boost Islamic revolution. Moreover, political ideology involves the fulfillment of the following objectives: ending inhumane practices of Israel in Palestine, Lebanon, and the rest of the Middle East, participating in Lebanese national politics, becoming a voice of innocent Lebanese citizens, and showing that Israel is not invincible. Moreover, using this ideology, Hezbollah intends to influence domestic and foreign policy for the improvement of their region, and prove that Islam is a logical and practical religion. Hezbollah collaborates with such political party as Amal Movement. Besides, it also works together with the party representing the Shia community. Amal Movement does its best to carry out all its activities by using political means, and it also aids and supports Hezbollah. The political ideology of Hezbollah is supported by Syria, Iran, and other Arab countries that have an anti-Israel position. For example, Syria allowed the building of a fortified base. Moreover, Hezbollah receives the support from the citizens of some Christian areas of Lebanon. The political vision of this organization and its focus on the social and economic development of Lebanon led to its victory in general elections. It is obvious that this organization knows the vulnerable places of the citizens and can manipulate them. The political strength of this organization began to grow after getting the veto power in the cabinet in 2008. Consequently, in 2008, the members received 8 seats, and in 2009, they acquired 10 seats. Hezbollah’s base is in the Bekka Valley in southern Lebanon, and parts of Beirut are Lebanon’s Shite-dominated areas — therefore, Hezbollah is extremely active there. Moreover, Hezbollah also plays the role in the Lebanese politics as it has the power to influence the design of the government.

State Response

Lebanon’s response to Hezbollah’s activities is not commonly supported. There are Lebanese that see Hezbollah as a threat to the state’s stability, but in most cases, Hezbollah is popular in the Shia community. For example, in 1989, when Lebanon’s civil war ended, Hezbollah’s military wing received the name “Islamic Resistance” and was allowed to keep weapons. As to Lebanon’s Western-backed government, it does not support all activities of this organization; therefore, it has limited Hezbollah’s possibilities by shutting down their private telecommunications network and removing Beirut airport’s security chief, as he was related to Hezbollah. However, such restrictions resulted in the death of 81 people as Hezbollah began to fight the rival Sunny groups (Azani, 2011). It is obvious that Hezbollah did not want to lose their power and influence in the state. Thus, soon, Hezbollah received the support from the government, reaching a power-sharing agreement and obtaining the ability to influence cabinet decisions. It is obvious that Hezbollah does not only want to protect Lebanon from the invaders, but also to strengthen its ideology and power of control of all governmental activities. As to Western countries, they regard Hezbollah as a terrorist organization that has spread its brutal actions in many Arab countries. Consequently, most citizens of Lebanon see Hezbollah as a driving force of their life and governmental affairs, and they fail to notice terrorism and violence of this organization. It means that the state’s response to Hezbollah is not rational and objective as it also coincides with organizational objectives.

Assessment

The significant events related to Hezbollah include Lebanese Civil War, Syrian Civil War, Iran-Saudi Arabian conflict, South Lebanon conflict, Lebanon War, and modern Lebanese conflict. It is necessary to say that Hezbollah’s violence has brought the desired outcome for the organization, letting its members spread their influence and power in the Middle East. However, it did not bring the desired result for the states as military interventions, war, and post-war destructions do not improve the life of people. Thus, it is obvious that Hezbollah’s objective is to raise funds with the help of violence and terrorist attacks. Moreover, the aforementioned significant events demonstrate that Hezbollah’s members believe they can achieve all the objectives through cruelty. The recent activities of Hezbollah are related to the relationships between Syria and Lebanon, which have become even tenser recently. Hezbollah’s members are convinced that their presence in Syria will protect Shite shrines, but in fact, they only drive military conflicts that eventually lead to the war. The projected objectives of Hezbollah are the economic and social development of Lebanon, charitable services, and the development of agriculture, education, and health. However, instead of this, Hezbollah empowers terrorism, military conflicts, and wars.

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In conclusion, it is evident from the profile that Hezbollah follows geopolitical, ideological, and financial interests in order to spread power, influence, and control in both national and global environments. The general information reveals that Hezbollah strives for the military capabilities and political influence instead of taking care of education, health, and agriculture of their state. The financial data demonstrate that Hezbollah organization is based on the illegal activities and pays excessive attention to fundraising. Operational strategy of Hezbollah is characterized by radicalism and rationalism, evident from their statements that they fight for their ideology and state and their actions that show that power and finances are in fact more important to them. Political vision of this organization proves that it looks for the partnership and power-sharing agreements and fails to fulfill its political and ideological objectives. Consequently, the significant, recent, and projected events do not coincide with the initial goal of this organization.

For decades, various types of the 3D transistors have been proposed by the developers. FinFET transistors have become the prevailing type of technology, considering that the process of fabricating the device structure is relatively uncomplicated and compatible with the conventional planar channel MOSFETs. The main producers of the 3d FinFETs are STMicroelectronics, Global Foundries, IBM, and Intel. Thus, it is important to observe the main features, advantages, and challenges of the FinFET technology to make the prediction concerning its future development.

History and Classification of FinFETs

The world’s first commercial model of a three-dimensional semiconductor device Matrix 3-D Memory from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (TSMC) and Matrix Semiconductor was presented at the end of 2001 (Intel, 2011). It should be noted that the attempts to create three-dimensional integrated circuits have been undertaken by universities, research laboratories, and individual scientists since the beginning of the 1970s. In addition to the use of polycrystalline silicon, the change in the structure that was supposed to be realized with the aid of a laser beam, other constructive solutions were also provided in these works, allowing several two-dimensional chips to be placed one above the other.

Intel Corporation announced the beginning of mass production of processors based on 22 nm technology of 3D FinFETs in 2011.The world’s technological level was the following: 28 nm in 2012, 14 nm in 2014, and 12 nm in 2016. As it has been mentioned above, the leading producers of the 3d FinFETs include STMicroelectronics, Global Foundries, IBM, and Intel. Symmetric and asymmetrical n- and p-channel FinFETs were designed, which characteristics were optimized for high-speed performance and low threshold voltage respectively.

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Structure of FinFET Transistor

Transistor with a double gate of the 3d structure FinFET has the following structure. In this device, a thin silicon body (fin) is wrapped with a shutter, which forms two aligned channels located on both sides of the silicon body. The protruding front region of the body is the source of the transistor, and the protruding posterior region is the drain. The current flows through the plane parallel to the plane of the body, and although the gates extend beyond this plane, the structure of the FinFET can be regarded as quasi-planar. The active width of the device is equal to the height of the body-column, and it can be increased by the parallel inclusion of many columns. In its topology, FinFET does not differ from the traditional MOSFET, except that the active region is formed by inserts and does not represent a flat rectangle. It is easy to set up the manufacturing of FinFET on the basis of the MOSFET manufacturing since all the necessary technological operations are widely used in modern semiconductor manufacturing and are well developed. The most critical parameter of this structure — the thickness of the channel, depends on the resolution of the lithography process.

The fin in the 3d FinFET transistor is located and attached to the substrate. The height of the fin Hfin is defined as the height from the surface of the oxide insulation area to the upper part of the body. TFOX is the thickness of the protective oxide for insulation of the device. The depth of drain-source p-n-junctions is represented by xj. The heat generated in the channel transmits to the substrate through the fin body, which is connected to it.

Fabrication and Challenging Parameter in the Manufacturing Process of FinFETs

Fabrication procedures of the FinFETs are the following. First, crystalline silicon is grown and its shape is formed for cutting the material into round plates. Next phase includes the precise fitting of the plate dimensions and checking it for cleanliness, followed by cleaning and polishing it with gas and liquids and/or plasma chemical methods. Then the epitaxial deposition of a uniform layer of a substrate-like substance occurs at the atomic level, which serves as the foundation for leveling. A masking layer is used as well — it protects the deposited layer of silicon atoms from various effects during other steps.

The next step is photolithography. Under special radiation of different wavelengths, chemical markers appear on the surface of the plate that will react with subsequent active substances. By the chemical method and the diffusion method, due to the action of active substances (phosphorus, boron), p- and n- regions, micro-transitions, and grooves are formed, which will become future semiconductor elements. Then, the photolithographic processing in the oxide layer of certain areas should be carried out. It will create markers (alloyed sections) for applying metallic elements (wiring, contacts) through vacuum metallization. Excessive metal is removed, and the one that is applied correctly is thermally fixed, or soldered. Thus, the finished elements of the microchip are formed.

Applying the required number of levels of dielectric and metal with subsequent photolithography and processing is the next step. Above the uppermost layer, one may apply several layers of metal and dielectric to protect and correctly dissipate the heat. Then the last phase occurs — it includes passivation of the plate, tests, cutting the material into microchips, mounting it on the processor case, connecting the leads, and rejecting the excessive materials (LexInnova Technologies, 2015).

The challenging parameters in the manufacturing process of Finfets include the following. Fist, for the successful manufacturing process, one should execute the process of alloying in a specific way. Local alloying of a three-dimensional FinFET transistor is required to suppress the undesirable bulk closure next to the drain-source p-n junctions at the depth of xj. Local alloying is carried out in the lower part of the drain-source region and is called a through-stopper. The manufacturers proposed a new method of forming a through-stopper with the usage of lateral alloying, the one involving ion scattering from the isolation region (SiO2) aimed to realize the technology of manufacturing of FinFETs. According to this technology, the ions for the through-stopper are implanted into the insulation region at an angle of 0 °. Implanted ions are common in the isolation region, and some of the ions, as a result of localized alloying, are scattered and laterally penetrate into the fin. Previously implanted in the isolation region ions are formed on both sides of the vertical fin and at the upper rigid mask (Si3N4).

The alloying concentration of the impurity in the fin is a key parameter that influences the design of the sub-threshold slope, the reduction of the drain-induced barrier, and the mobility of the carriers. From the point of view of carrier mobility, the level of doping of the body should be as low as possible. However, a lowering of the level of body alloying is the reason for an increase of the drain-induced barrier and sub-threshold slope.

Advantages of the FinFET Technology

The production of the 3d FitFET transistors has two obvious advantages. The first is a significant reduction in prices for a fixed device. The second is an increase in the number of transistors on a chip with a speed no less than Moore’s law allows, considering the number of devices per area unit. Intel produced the 22 nm FitFET transistors that reduce the voltage of 0.7 V by 37%. Their active power in continuous mode is by 50% lower in comparison to the 32-nm logic. The company achieved a 19% improvement in the Ivy Bridge processor’s power consumption (77 watts at a clock frequency of 3-3.5 GHz in comparison to 95 watts for 32-nm Sandy Bridge processors).

The Problems of Power Consumption of FinFETs

Power consumption problems of FinFETs are directly related to the leakage current Ioff. When the transistor is closed, its resistance is huge, and the active power during that period is P = Ioff2 R. Thus, it is quite important to lower the leakage current in order to decrease the power consumption.

Controlling the width of the fin (Wfin) is very important at a given angle since the width significantly affects the short-channel effect. As one may observe, with a decrease of the fin width from 12 to 8 nm, open transistor current ION decreases by 18%, while 100 times decrease of the leakage current IOFF occurs, leading to the active power decrease by 1002 times. Thus, the leakage current IOFF and the active power of the transistor are very sensitive to the width of the “fin”, which the producers should control to maintain a limited distribution of the leakage current IOFF.

One may consider the effect of the distance between the p-n junction of the drain and the source at a fixed channel length of 14 nm. It is possible to observe the ratio between the open transistor current ION, the leakage current IOFF, and the distance between the p-n junctions. Here, the alloying of the body is Nb = 1 ? 1017 cm-3. One may see that the open transistor current ION and the leakage current IOFF significantly decrease with the increasing distance. Particularly noticeable (up to 100 times) changes of the leakage current IOFF correspond to the 1002 increase of the active power when the distance changes from 10 to 24 nm. If the fin’s length is greater than 14 nm, it is possible to say that the source and drain are negatively overlapping. There are the characteristics of SS and DIBL as the functions of distance. With increase of the distance between p-n-junctions, the characteristics of SS and DIBL improve significantly. However, one can observe the lowering of both the open transistor current ION and the leakage current IOFF during the distance increase. If DIBL is stored at 100 mV / V, the distance should be greater than 18 nm when the body is alloyed to 1 ? 1017 cm-3. With a moderate alloying of the body at 2-3 ? 1017 cm-3, the distance can be reduced to 14 nm.

Therefore, further reduction of the overall dimensions of the 3d FinFET transistors will allow to equip the devices with a large number of transistors, thereby increasing the performance, but it will not significantly improve energy consumption. Thus, there is a certain overall limit that determines the feasibility of using these transistors.

Future of Finfet and Other MOSFET Transistors

Due to energy consumption problems that do not allow the reduction of the size of the FinFET transistors, this technology is currently not particularly relevant for such major microelectronics manufacturers as IBM and STMicroelectronics. For this reason, it will be replaced by other technologies. For example, the experts from IBM have already prepared a new type of technology that will reduce the transistor size to 5 nanometers. Donating a promising FinFET architecture in favor of the new technology, the company’s specialists developed a stack structure that consists of four superimposed nano-sheets. According to the calculations, the new structure of transistors will allow to pack 30 billion of them on a chip which size is similar to that of the small coin. Apart from this, the new structure promises a high increase in chip performance and efficiency.

This technology is a further upgrade of the 7-nm technology developed by IBM in 2015, in a tandem with the companies GlobalFoundries and Samsung (Nelson, 2017). The experimental samples of such chips are numbered around 20 billion transistors per a chip, and it was achieved through the introduction of new materials and production technologies. The manufacturers expect that the chips built on the basis of 7-nm technology will appear on the market in about 2019 (Nelson, 2017).

As mentioned above, 5-nm chips are manufactured by stacking several layers of silicon nano-sheets. It allows the control signal to be sent directly to four separate transistor gates, while the FinFET transistors have three independent gates and three channels. 5-nm transistors are manufactured with the usage of the extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) technology that allows “drawing” the images on a substrate better by using shorter-wave and high-energy radiation, unlike it is done through other methods. This, in turn, means that with this method, the producers will be able to create smaller chip elements with higher quality. At the same time, the new EUVL technology allows the continuous adaptation adjustment right during the production process.

Compared to 10-nm chips, 5-nm chips will have 40 times more performance, and the amount of energy consumed by them will be reduced by 75% during the processor’s performance of the specially optimized tasks. According to the available forecasts, the first commercial 5-nm chips can appear on the market not earlier than in 4-5 years.

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Conclusion

STMicroelectronics, Global Foundries, IBM, and Intel are the major producers of the 3d FinFETs. Intel Corporation announced the beginning of mass production of processors based on 22 nm technology of 3D FinFETs in 2011.The world technological level is the following 28 nm in 2012; 14 nm in 2014, and 12 nm in 2016.

The structure of the FinFET transistor includes a thin silicon body (fin), which is wrapped with a shutter, which forms two aligned channels located on both sides of the silicon body. The protruding front region of the body is the source of the transistor, and the protruding posterior region is the drain.

The manufacturing process of the FitFET transistors is the complicated set of procedures that include cleaning and polishing with gas and liquids and/or plasma chemical methods, photolithography, passivation of the plate, tests, cutting into microchips, mounting on the processor case and connection of the leads, and rejection. Fabrication procedures of the FinFETs include the new advanced method of forming a through-stopper with the usage of lateral alloying through ion scattering from the isolation region (SiO2).

The production of the 3d FitFET transistors has two obvious advantages: a significant reduction in prices for a fixed device and an increase in the number of transistors on a chip with a speed not less than Moore’s law allows considering the count for the number of devices per area unit. However, it has some negative issues. For instance, the power consumption problems of FinFETs are directly related to the le are directly related to leakage current Ioff, which depends on the width of the fin and the distance between the p-n junction of the drain and the source. Due to the energy consumption problems that do not allow the reduction of the size of the FinFET transistors, this technology is currently not particularly relevant for such major microelectronics manufacturers as IBM and STMicroelectronics. It will be replaced by other technologies — for example, the IBM technology, which assumes the stack structure of the transistor consisting of four superimposed nano-sheets.

Our Mission

To cooperate with authorities, families and churches in keep a tight grip on all sorts of human destitution by ensuring that people live in a close connection with the Creator and the universe.

Our Vision

God summoned us and we made a response to Him till global spiritual and physical hunger came to an end.

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Our Core Values

Commitment to Scripture: We believe that the Bible was distinctively inspired by the Holy Spirit; thus, it is the infallible word of God.

Adherence to the Ten Commandments: We stick to the Ten Commandments, which is a non-exhaustive summary of the enduring moral law of God.

Teamwork: We are committed to ensuring collaboration between all players across the relief network, i.e. the board, the human resources and various partners.

Transparency: The organization’s activities are conducted openly to maintain public and stakeholders’ trust.

Accountability: Outcomes are our major focus. We appraise our results in accomplishing specific goals as well as bear responsibility for our actions.

Funding

62 percent of funding for our organization comes from individuals and well-wishers. The United States government contributes 35 percent of the funding, whereas foundations, churches and firms contribute 3 percent. About 84 percent of our funding goes to relief programs throughout the world,5 percent comprise administrative costs and 11 percent goes to fundraising activities.

The Role of an Executive Director

An executive director is charged with the responsibility of making day-to-day operational decisions that do not need involvement of the board of directors (Kerzner, 2013). He/she acts as a link between the board of directors and the rest of the organization. The executive director has a management role of overseeing the heads of department in the organization. The director offers strategic guidance to the heads of each department. As a senior manager in the operational hierarchy, an executive director must manage the organization’s public relations. Apart from leading a spotless life, an executive director is expected to attend or host public relations events, fundraising events, and new program inaugurations. As a director, he/she must spend a considerable part of his/her time working for the public face of the institution. Lastly, an executive director works as a liaison with the organization and all stakeholders, especially donors and funders.

Management Issues

Leadership Styles

As the director of Food for the Hungry Haiti, I would apply the democratic leadership style to achieve consensus through the participation of the parties involved. This is the most effective leadership style to make my team support my ideas, plans, decisions or goals (Certo, 2015). This leadership style would make it easier for me to win over the hearts of key players in the relieve food network such as the leaders, donors, funders, churched as well as the board of directors. This style would help me get fresh ideas from my qualified teammates during times of uncertainty. The overall effect of this approach is that it will enhance cooperation with my colleagues, thus making teamwork possible. Coaching leadership would help me develop the workforce for the future with the aim of keeping them for a longer period of time (Hamel & Prahalad, 2013). My desire is to help the staff develop personal strengths, which will make the workforce more successful. This will help me reduce the cost of hiring experienced workforce as well as increase the productivity of human resources within my organization.

Coercive leadership is necessary especially during emergencies, such as the firm turnaround or a fire outbreak (Bernstein & Rakowitz, 2012). It can also help me control defiant members of staff when other styles prove fruitless. Charismatic leadership, when a leader creates emotional bonds with workmates, creates a sense of belonging to the firm. Employees who have a sense of belonging feel accepted and are motivated to work towards the success of their institution (Brody, 2005). As a charismatic leader, I would be able to attract funders and donors as well as churches. As a result, it will be easier for me to convince the board of directors to approve my projects and strategic plans. It would also help me improve staff efficiency during the times of stress or when staff members suffer from trauma. Pacesetting leadership would help other workers realize that I am a part of the team since I will be leading from the front. This would improve their confidence and efficiency as far as service delivery is concerned.

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Organizational Culture

Food for the Hungry is a Christian relief organization, and our organizational culture must be a reflection of our mission, vision and core values. We should all be working towards a hunger and poverty-free world. Teamwork must be our core business value since our organization seeks to work in cooperation with leaders, religious organizations and families to get rid of poverty and hunger. Our ethics must revolve around the Scriptures, especially the Ten Commandments, honesty, transparency and accountability. Since Food for the Hungry is a non-profit organization, I would adopt the hierarchy-oriented organizational culture that focuses on effectiveness, stability and perfection (Belias & Koustelios, 2014). Such a culture would make it easier for all stake-holders, especially workers, to be diligent as far as service delivery is concerned. This type of organizational culture is a reflection of our mission, vision and core values.

Strategic Planning

The primary objective here of strategic planning is to identify strategies that will help Food for the Hungry achieve its mission. As the director, I would apply SWOT analysis to assess the organization’s internal and external environment. SWOT analysis focuses on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing an organization (Wilson & Gilligan, 2012). The organizational strengths include efficient and cooperative workforce, transparency as far as resource utilization is concerned, strong Christian ethics and excellent service delivery, which made it one of the best charitable organizations in the world. The weaknesses are mainly finances because our ability to reach more poor and hungry people has been limited by our financial ability. The frequency of such calamities as civil unrest, droughts, storms and earthquakes was very high in recent years. Our facilities have been overstretched as a result of this increase. In addition, the number of people infected with HIV/AIDS continues to grow each year. Therefore, there is a need to increase the amount of funding and donations to meet the increased demand for our services.

The main opportunity our organization can capitalize on is soothe desire of many people to give their fortune to charity. It is possible to attract more donors and funders because of our non-discriminative policy. Thus, we provide aid to all people regardless of their race, religion or political affiliation. However, our organization faces the threat of stagnated donations over many years. We fear that if the amount of funding does not increase, we are not likely to expand our service provision as per our expectations.

My first strategic goal for the period from 2016 to 2018 is to increase donor funding from the United States government, churches, individuals and corporations. The major method of achieving this goal will be identifying and reaching out to well-wishers and large corporations. Petitioning the United States government to support our activities will also increase the organization’s funding. The outcome will be more funds for our organization, enabling us to reach out to a larger number of people living in misery in many parts of the world.

The second strategic goal will be increasing the number of beneficiaries of our program as well as including education in our services. An increase in the organization’s funding will make it possible to reach out to more suffering people. The strategy will be to identify other countries whose population is affected by natural calamities. We will then identify local leaders and build a stronger partnership to curb political hostility on the ground. Improving the volunteer management system will help us reduce the amount of money spent on paying hired labour. This money will be used to provide more basic needs such as food and water to the affected people. The outcome will be an increased number of beneficiaries of our program as well as a reduction in poverty levels and hunger incidents in the world. The two-year strategic plan shows our commitment to expanding our services beyond the current 26 countries. My hope as a director of this charitable organization is that with the expansion of our service delivery, it will be possible to alleviate poverty and improve the well-being of humankind.

Action Plan Implementation

Keeping a to-do list is my primary step towards action plan implementation as the director of this relief agency (Galbraith, 2011). I will update it on a daily basis and also set up a reminder system that will help me implement mini-action plans on the list. Besides, it will enable me to avoid procrastination in the process of implementing an action plan by starting immediately (Brody, 2005). I will give the first priority to difficult tasks and then deal with easier ones. The difficult task is to ensure donors increase our funding, which will pave the way to an easier task of expanding our service delivery to more countries. Rewards are important as far as action plan implementation in any given organization is concerned. I will give employees rewards for completed tasks as well as give myself a treat for a completed task. I will promote the atmosphere of positivity within the organization to ensure commitment to the implementation of the action plan. Associating myself with positive people will help me avoid embarrassment when problems arise since they will encourage me. I will also build a contingency plan to achieve an objective even if one action does not succeed. Continuous review of action plan implementation will help me consider an alternative way of achieving an objective should the preferred way fail (Wates , 2014).

Problem-Solving

The usual first step in problem-solving is identification of issues by being clear about what the problem is (Chambolle & Pock, 2011). After identifying a problem, it is important to listen to the interests of all parties concerned. Needs are the wants that should be satisfied by a solution generated during the problem-solving process. The solution must, therefore, satisfy interests of all the parties involved. After this consideration I will evaluate possible solutions to the problem at hand. After brainstorming, I will select an appropriate solution, implement it and check repercussions of the selected solution to the parties concerned and the whole organization.

Time Management

Time management is an important factor as far as productivity of an organization and its workforce is concerned. I would prefer to address the tasks in advance by preparing my work for the following day the night before to allow my subconscious act on my plans and goals while I am asleep (Covey, 2014). When subconscious works on issues while one is asleep, he/she wakes up in the morning with ideas and insights that are useful to the work of the day. It will also try to sleep soundly without worrying about the work experience for the next day. Scheduling my time will be very important as it will reduce stress and release energy required for my work. I would encourage every employee to apply this time management tip to improve their efficiency. The main advantage of this particular tip is that it improves a person’s power by increasing self-esteem. Starting a day early is a time management tip that would benefit our firm a great deal. This will make the workforce better organized in their areas of work since they will have more time to sit, think and plan their activities for a day. By starting early, one solves the problem of procrastination, hence gets more work done and wastes less time. Lastly, I would apply organizational skills to ensure proper time management by using a filling system. Having a master list and keeping all my files in a single place would save time spent on locating misplaced items.

Staff Training and Development

Staff training and development will determine sustainability and success of our organization in terms of service delivery (Cummings & Worley, 2014). The first step is to identify training needs in my organization. Identification can be made through internal audit, which can point out areas where training is needed. A skills inventory would be an important source of information on the kind of skills possessed by employees in our organization. Therefore, it will make it easier for the organization to determine the skills required for the development of the firm in the future (Brody, 2005). I would then carefully select staff, andtrained employees with the passion for charity work will be given the top priority. It will save money spent on training since it can be expensive to train employees, and afterwards they might leave the organization for other organizations with higher salaries. The formulated training goals must be in line with our mission and vision to help the employees change from the roles they are playing today to the ones the institution wants them to play in the future. On-the-job training method can work best for my organization to help them not lose time while undertaking their training (Brody, 2005). The trainers in this kind of employee training must be supervisors. Lastly, I would initiate an evaluation process by comparing the skills the employees have gained with those needed for the goals of the training program.

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Public Relations

I would develop a very strong positive relationship between the people we interact with as an organization. These people include donors and individual funders, local leaders, families, and denominations. This relationship will increase the possibility of more funding as well as facilitate identification of volunteers and strengthen cooperation for joint community projects (Smith & Woodworth, 2012). Proactive marketing of the organization’s services will help improve positive perception by the general public both in the United States and the Republic of Haiti. As a result, our organization will gain more acceptance by many families as well as attract more customers.

Conclusion

As the director of the Food for the Hungry NGO in the Republic of Haiti, I would apply the democratic leadership style to help me win the hearts of all stake holders. Charismatic leadership would also yield the same results while coercive leadership would fit defiant employees. I would ensure that the organizational culture is in line with the organizational vision, mission and core values. I would apply SWOT analysis as the strategic planning tool that would help me identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing our organization. In terms of action plan implementation, keeping a to-do list is my primary step towards action plan implementation as the director of this relief agency. Avoiding procrastination would also help me ensure that the action plan is successfully implemented. I would improve the organization’s public image to win the hearts of more funders and donors as well as individual contributors.

Analytics is represented by current and future tendencies, which must be considered by managers on a regular basis. Moreover, they must transfer their understanding of the area to their subordinates. All innovative companies study this field to gain the competitive advantage in the future prospect. Each organization choses own strategy to combine numbers with decision-making in the most comprehensive manner. At the same time, such significant changes are possible only in the friendly and trustworthy environment. For this reason, internal efficiency is crucial for the creation of analytical capacity. The present tendencies include gathering information as well as coping with its different types. However, in a while, the decision-making will become impossible without analytics, which will mean the absence of intuition and experience in difficult solutions. However, the main purpose of analytics is to simplify the everyday routine and to storage the company’s information in the most convenient manner.

Keywords: current and future trends, understanding, competitive advantage, decision-making, environment, efficiency, storage

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The Current and Future Trends in Analytics

The most competitive businesses realize that analytics is a main key to success. They also accept the fact that, without an advancement in this area, they will not be able to win from their rivals in the future. Thus, these companies constantly make significant investments to grow its analytical capacity. Moreover, they restructure their enterprise in accordance with the major trends in technologies, which are mostly based on analytics. Such organizations are ready to cope with every resistance to these changes as well as they retain people who share their vision about the future analytics. This paper is dedicated to the current and future trends in analytics and its general benefit for a contemporary enterprise.

Current Trends in Analytics

The competition in every field of businesses is growing at a high speed, and the majority of organizations has no choice, but to adopt economies of scale. Analytics is the number one helper in this area, because it assists in optimising the major business activities (Lohr, 2015). The big quantity of professional managers has learned how to extract a big amount of data, but they are not knowledgeable in the progressive decision-making based on it (Davenport, 2013). According to Lohr (2015), the current period of time can be called ‘The Age of Big Data’, because the technological information continues to integrate in all work fields. Moreover, every two years this data multiplies by two, and, still, it must be analyzed in details to ensure reliable outcomes.

90% of data has been gathered within the last two years, and making conclusions based on it is the biggest challenge at the moment (Lohr, 2015). Every company understands that it must deal with a large scale of data to win the competition, and, thus, it looks for various ways to get an access to it. As a result, big organizations allocate separate resources to invest in the data analysis as well as they create professional teams that are going to work in this area (Davenport, 2013). Therefore, they must decide, how to combine analytical specialists with employees working in other fields. The reason for this strategy is that business decisions are, usually, made collectively in the company that promotes healthy environment. Thus, other workers must comprehend the current importance of analytics, because it is already present in the organization on a daily basis. Elimination of conflicts associated with collected data and analysis is one of the most important current trends.

Many companies have understood that the data usage is one of the best ways to improve their services. For example, it helps to collect information about their customers’ needs and to customize their operations in accordance with consumers’ preferences (Davenport, 2014). Also, financial institutions have recognized the necessity in implementing information technologies to avoid risks, which they face in the everyday routine. Moreover, the benefits connected with data analysis are growing, because the technologies are rapidly improving to make the business life easier (Davenport, 2013). Additionally, soon they will be able to replace many functions of separate workers, which means that they will be forced to search for new activities, not covered by the artificial intelligence.

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The data environment is constantly evolving, and companies must closely study it to recognize the future opportunities (Galbraith, 2014). Moreover, some of the tendencies may include more obstacles, than new ways. However, it serves as a major definition between the successful and the loser-companies: the first category sees useful information, the second gives up without fighting. In any case, managers must understand that some employees may see the data usage as a competency-destroying element (Galbraith, 2014). Thus, they must concentrate and explain only the benefits associated with information technologies.

Modern analytics gives an important privilege, which includes the accessing information in a real-time mode (Galbraith, 2014). The previous generation of managers could rely only on historical pieces of information, but its main disadvantage was that it could become outdated. Nowadays, companies fight for receiving the actual data as soon as possible to be the first who apply it and use it for business development. At the same time, managerial people must be able to work with various types of information and to combine it for producing the general result (Galbraith, 2014). Thus, the major tendency includes finding and hiring analytical specialists, who can work with different categories of data.

These tendencies are important, because companies must understand, what expects them in the future. For example, if they skip the step of collecting information, or they do not receive the experience in working and applying the IT technologies, they will not be knowledgeable in the analytical decision-making in the future. Moreover, big organizations will hire and retain the best analytical experts, and other companies, as a result, will remain without such strong team. Thus, the enterprise with the wise management must study the analytical market, before it develops beyond its understanding. Additionally, advanced companies must realize that it is more efficient to use the available information, than to rely on the intuition (Lohr, 2015). Analytical benefits influence all types of business operations, and their positive aspects cannot be ignored. The companies that prefer not to take new challenges risk to fall behind and even to bankrupt due to their ignorance.

Future Trends

Contemporary organizations define the data revolution as one of the most urgent questions, which they need to solve in the nearest future. Therefore, if they want to think in advance and not to lose their competitive advantage, they need to take care in analytics already now (Gabel & Tokarski, 2014). Such companies must predict the future trends in this area to build their strategic capacity in accordance with them. As a result, enterprises expect the complete restructuring as well as they take necessary actions to simplify this process as much as possible.

According to Lohr (2015), all companies will be data-driven one day. Thus, managers will have to change their usual manner of thinking and to learn how to rely on the collected information. The major challenge will include the difference between useful and useless information (Lohr, 2015). In any case, leaders will switch from applying their work experience into adopting credible pieces of data to their decision-making. As a result, the nature of work will change, which will cause a number of conflicts between various employees (Davenport, 2014). Such conflicts will become significantly bigger, when technologies will replace many jobs through artificial intelligence. Some people get this feelings at the moment and try to cause resistance to information technologies already now. However, they must understand that business analytics covers some fields of functions, which human brain cannot capture (Kim, 2014). Therefore, data is meant to help workers and not to completely substitute them. Additionally, in the future prospect, analytical models will become less sophisticated, which must simplify their understanding (Kim, 2014). In such a manner, more employees will be able to get acquaintance with this area and will learn, how to receive information that is useful for them.

However, not all employees can build reliable predictive models in contrast to analytical data (Davenport, 2014). These models are also applicable to the rationale usage of limited resources, which is an acute topic in every business. Thus, information technologies will be evolving in these directions to help companies with becoming more efficient as well as with gaining the competitive advantage. At the same time, data will be changing and splitting into various categories. The manifolded character of business will promote this tendency, and managers will have to learn to unite it for their decision-making (Davenport, 2013). For this reason, considering this future prospect analytical experts must constantly develop their skills and be updated about major changes in this area.

A number of people, who will be able to access the information on a global scale, will be constantly increasing (Schmidt & Rosenberg, n. d.a). It will ensure the data flow in both directions: businesses will know more about their customers, and on the contrary. Thus, innovative companies will apply the acquired information in different ways to their daily business functions (Kim, 2014). All successful organizations lead the customer-oriented strategy, which means that they study their consumer in details. As a result, analytics will make this process more progressive and will simplify the information gathering.

The IT industry will also assist in the work with documents: for example, it will detect inconsistency, data irrelevance and repetitions (Baesens, 2014). However, along with this progress, management will be forced to solve the questions associated with privacy and discrimination. These tendencies prove that leaders must have significant experience, in order to sort data and to use it for the best decision-making. At the same time, they have no choice, because they must gradually apply analytics and make sure that the rest of employees uses it for the company’s benefit.

Such important industry as healthcare will undergo changes related to analytics as well (Wang, Kung, & Byrd, 2016). It has already begun to be more business-oriented, and the IT knowledge will help to accelerate this process. For instance, it will decrease the time, spent on papers, and it will provide an advanced storage of patients’ information (Wang, Kung, & Byrd, 2016). Moreover, employees of all levels will get an easy access to the overall information as well as they will be able to use it for the collective decision-making.

These future tendencies are important, because every type of business presupposes professional planning and development of new targets. The orientation at the analytics also helps to ally the daily functions with the corporate objectives. At the same time, companies will have enough time for educating their personnel so that it is better prepared for changes. Practically, they will learn these changes in advance and will resolve all conflicts quicker, than other organizations.

Competitive Strategies

One of the main strategies includes influencing the company’s efficiency through its internal climate (Rao & Weintraub, 2013). For example, the changes associated with analytical tendencies can be adopted easier, if the workers operate in friendly environment. In such case, they feel free to ask various questions and express all of their concerns. Moreover, when leaders promote trust, they can ensure more efficient mentoring of their subordinates (Rao & Weintraub, 2013). It happens, because their remarks do not create conflicts and misunderstanding. Additionally, subordinates feel that they can show their individuality at work, and nobody will discourage them, which gives an opportunity to uncover their hidden talents. As a result, leaders can build more targeted development plans (Jacobson, 2014).

According to Hacking (1990), the law of chance exists, and, therefore, managers must take correct actions not to miss it. The best strategy for this purpose is to hire people that are potentially ready for changes. The speed of a change is constantly increasing and the most advanced businesses rely on technology (Schmidt & Rosenberg, n. d.a). The people, who prefer to be conservative and stick to one and the same task everyday, cannot spot new possibilities and chances. Such individuals destroy the innovative corporate environment and add difficulties and resistance to various alterations.

Additionally to modern and creative people managers must hire professional data scientists and analytics experts, because later they may disappear from the labor market (Galbraith, 2014). Linking numbers to the physical world is a difficult task, which demands special skills (Porter, 1995). The companies, that are the first to grow its human resource in the analytical area, will gain the competitive advantage by default. Also, while choosing the staff modern leaders must consider all contemporary techniques, which generate information from various sources (Igo, 2007). Thus, new people must not be afraid of experimenting with data and using creative approaches to their decision-making. For example, engineers in ‘Google’ possess not only talent, but also the freedom to use it in different situations (Galbraith, 2014). Such strategy helps the company to remain the leader in innovations and new technologies.

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The rest of the employees must also gradually learn, how to combine digital and physical worlds (Weinman & Wiersema, 2015). For example, creative solutions may be taught to the staff through a new type of management, which will be aimed at removing control and making inter-disciplinary collaboration (Gabel & Tokarski, 2014). For this purpose, an analytical team can cooperate with different departments from time to time and work on various projects together. Analytical professionals will share their knowledge and experience as well as such synergy will potentially produce more creativity. Nowadays, such style of work is relatively unusual, but, on the other hand, it will generate more creativity and unusual approaches to work. This progress is necessary to adapt to the rapidly changing business environment (Schmidt & Rosenberg, n. d.b).     The last strategy includes the progress evaluation, and it fits me the best (Wax, n. d.). My organization already has an innovative corporate culture, which is present in all daily operations. However, I need to ally my personal targets with the organizational ones. The enterprise knows exactly, which direction it is moving as well as what it expects to achieve. In such a manner, it recognizes the necessary in analytical capacity and considers all future tendencies. However, I do not have numerical evaluation of my current progress to respond to the company’s modern culture. I cannot rely on my colleagues’ experience, because their daily routine does not always correspond with the enterprise’s philosophy. Thus, I need my own milestones not to postpone the implementation of analytics in the everyday work.

Additionally, the evaluation shows, how much it is left to achieve, as well as helps to form a feedback for my supervisor. The assessment plan will serve as a prove that I follow the company’s objective and expect particular results in the future. Therefore, I would make my work more strategical and aim-oriented. I will also remain updated about the novelties occurring in this area, as I advance with my analytics.

Conclusion

The present and future tendencies in various business areas prove that analytics is an important piece of the competitive advantage. For this reason, managers must gradually gain experience in this area as well as train their staff. However, it will be impossible, if they do not chose proper business strategies from the beginning. Such strategies include healthy corporate environment, which consist of talented and creative people that are not afraid of changes. Leaders must cooperate with their subordinates on a regular basis and try to receive the detailed feedback from them. Such attitude towards collaboration helps the company to remain innovative and determined. At the same time, the organization must have analytical professionals, who already have experience in the information technologies. Additionally, they must have projects with other departments to increase the analytical capabilities for the future.